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REFERENCING GUIDES

Referencing Guides

Learn to cite sources correctly and manage your references

Proper referencing is essential in academic writing. It gives credit to original authors and helps readers trace your sources. Choose your citation style below for detailed guides and examples.

Citation Styles A-Z

APA 7th Edition

American Psychological Association style - commonly used in social sciences, education, and psychology.

In-text citations Reference list Author-date
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MLA 9th Edition

Modern Language Association style - used in humanities, literature, and arts.

Works cited Parenthetical citations Author-page
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Chicago/Turabian

Chicago Manual of Style - used in history, arts, and humanities. Offers notes-bibliography and author-date systems.

Footnotes Bibliography Author-date
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Harvard

Author-date system widely used across disciplines, particularly in physical, natural and social sciences.

In-text citations Reference list Author-date
View Guide

IEEE

Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers - used in engineering, computer science, and technology.

Numbered citations Reference list Technical
View Guide

Vancouver

Numbered reference style used in medicine and biomedical sciences.

Numbered citations Reference list Medical
View Guide

Reference Management Tools

These tools help you collect, organize, and format your references automatically.

Mendeley

Reference manager and academic social network

  • PDF management
  • Cite while you write
  • Cloud storage
Learn More

EndNote

Desktop and online reference manager

  • Advanced features
  • Journal matching
  • Group sharing
Learn More

Zotero

Free, open-source reference manager

  • Browser integration
  • Collaborative
  • Open source
Learn More

Citation Examples

Book
Author, A. A. (Year). Title of book. Publisher.
Example:
Smith, J. (2020). Research methods in education. Routledge.
Journal Article
Author, A. A., & Author, B. B. (Year). Title of article. Journal Title, Volume(Issue), Page range.
Example:
Mwangi, P., & Uwizeyimana, D. (2021). Digital literacy in Rwanda. African Journal of Education, 15(2), 45-62.
Book
Author Last Name, First Name. Title of Book. Publisher, Year.
Example:
Smith, John. Research Methods in Education. Routledge, 2020.
Journal Article
Author Last Name, First Name. "Title of Article." Journal Title, vol. Volume, no. Issue, Year, pp. Pages.
Example:
Mwangi, Peter, and Diane Uwizeyimana. "Digital Literacy in Rwanda." African Journal of Education, vol. 15, no. 2, 2021, pp. 45-62.
Book
Author(s) (Year) Title. Place of publication: Publisher.
Example:
Smith, J. (2020) Research methods in education. London: Routledge.
Journal Article
Author(s) (Year) 'Title of article', Journal Title, Volume(Issue), pp. page range.
Example:
Mwangi, P. and Uwizeyimana, D. (2021) 'Digital literacy in Rwanda', African Journal of Education, 15(2), pp. 45-62.

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